“ The paper provides a rationale for why the antioxidants used have likely failed...”

It is a very extensive review of a topic related to a major medical problem. The review provides the basics needed to understand the medical problem involved (i.e., atherosclerosis) from both a clinical and scientific point of view.

The review describes all currently major theories of the origin/mechanism of the disease, highlights and explains their strengths and weaknesses, and then synthesizes a novel theory consistent with all presently available data.

It has been commonly assumed that oxidized (rancid) fats cause the narrowing of blood vessels, though this notion is not immediately compatible with the outcome of recent clinical trials employing antioxidants (that are meant to slow down fat oxidation). The paper provides a rationale for why the antioxidants used have likely failed, puts into perspective the role of fat oxidation to other processes (such as inflammation), and provides an alternative model for how blood vessels narrow.

This is the result of a natural progression of research related to fat oxidation, and examining the importance of this process to atherosclerosis in animals and humans.